JMB-HEADER RAS-JOURNALS EIMB Pleiades Publishing

RUS

             

ENG

YearIMPACT-FACTOR
2023  1,500
2022  1,200
2021  1,540
2020  1,374
2019  1,023
2018  0,932
2017  0,977
2016  0,799
2015  0,662
2014  0,740
2013  0,739
2012  0,637
2011  0,658
2010  0,654
2009  0,570
2008  0,849
2007  0,805
2006  0,330
2005  0,435
2004  0,623
2003  0,567
2002  0,641
2001  0,490
2000  0,477
1999  0,762
1998  0,785
1997  0,507
1996  0,518
1995  0,502
Vol 58(2024) N 2 p. 165-177; DOI 10.1134/S0026893324020183 Full Text

M.V. Zhilnikova1,2, O.S. Troitskaya1, D.D. Novak1, V.V. Atamanov1,3, O.A. Koval1,2*

Uveal Melanoma: Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Development and Therapeutic Approaches

1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
3Novosibirsk Branch, Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, 630096 Russia


*o.koval@niboch.nsc.ru
Received - 2023-06-02; Revised - 2023-08-30; Accepted - 2023-09-09

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a neuroectodermal tumor that results from malignant transformation of melanocytes in the eye uvea, including the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid. UM accounts for 5% of all melanoma cases and is extremely aggressive with half of the UM patients developing metastases within the first 1-2 years after tumor development. Molecular mechanisms of UM carcinogenesis are poorly understood, but are known to differ from those of skin melanoma. Activating mutations of the GNAQ and GNA11 genes, which code for the large G protein subunits Gq and G11, respectively, are found in 90% of UM patients. The Gaq/PKC/MAPK signaling pathway is a main signaling cascade that leads to the transformation of melanocytes of the uveal tract, and major regulators of the cascade provide targets for the development of drugs. Metastatic UM (MUM) is most often associated with mutations of BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ, and SF3B1. A combination of a commercial expression test panel of 15 genes and a mutation panel of 7 genes, supplemented with data on the size of the primary tumor, is highly efficient in predicting the risk of metastasis. The risk of metastasis determines the choice of therapy and the patient follow-up regimen. However, no systemic therapy for MUM has been developed to date. New drugs undergoing clinical trials are mostly targeted drugs designed to inhibit the protein products of mutant genes or immunotherapeutic agents designed to stimulate the immune response against specific antigens. In addition to these approaches, potential therapeutic targets of epigenetic regulation of UM development are considered in the review.

uveal melanoma, melanosomes, driver mutations, BAP1, GNAQ/11, tebentafusp, epigenetic targets



JMB-FOOTER RAS-JOURNALS