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Vol 54(2020) N 2 p. 185-195; DOI 10.1134/S0026893320020028  A.S. Bogdanov1*, A.N. Maltsev2, E.V. Kotenkova2, V.G. Malikov3, A.A. Lissovsky4, V.V. Stakheev5, J. Darvish6†, R. Castiglia7 Variability of Fragments of Nuclear Brca1 Gene, Exon 11, and Mitochondrial Cox1 Gene in House Mice Mus musculus 1Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia2Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia 3Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia 4Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, 125009 Russia 5Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, 344006 Russia 6Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974 Iran 7Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, 00161 Italy *bogdalst@yahoo.com Received - 2019-06-06; Revised - 2019-09-27; Accepted - 2019-10-07 To clarify genetic differences between subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus, their distribution, and hybridization, we first conducted a comparative analysis of variability of nucleotide sequences of fragments of the nuclear gene Brca1, exon 11 (2331 bp), and mitochondrial gene Cox1 (1260 bp) in 40 house mice from West and East Europe, Transcaucasia, Siberia, and Central and South Asia. Brca1 genotypes were divided into five main groups, which differed in a number of fixed substitutions. Genotypes of each group are characteristic for the certain geographical region and the following subspecies: M. m. musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus, and M. m. wagneri together with M. m. gansuensis; a fifth group corresponds to an unidentified subspecies or a distinct genetic form of M. musculus from India (Sikkim State). Besides the homozygous specimens, we revealed mice, which were heterozygous for all diagnostic loci simultaneously; these specimens were determined as hybrid. Hybrid mice were mainly found in the zones of contact of subspecies, but in some cases, quite far from one of the parent subspecies (possibly, due to transportation). In two hybrid mice (from Bakhtiari Province of Iran and Transbaikalia of Russia), unique Brca1 haplotypes were detected. It cannot be ruled out that, at least partly, they may be characteristic of the M. m. bactrianus and M. m. gansuensis subspecies, respectively. Thus, the results of the study showed that the nuclear Brca1 gene is a promising molecular genetic marker for the analysis of variability, differentiation, and hybridization of house mice as well for subspecific identification of M. musculus specimens. Despite more rapid evolution of the Cox1 gene, it is not well suited for discrimination of M. m. musculus, M. m. wagneri, M. m. gansuensis specimens and Transcaucasian representatives of M. m. domesticus due to introgression and long-term maintenance of foreign mitochondrial DNA in populations. However, Cox1 gene analysis (along with the diagnostics of animals by nuclear DNA) may be useful for estimation of population differences in M. m. castaneus and M. m. domesticus subspecies. Mus musculus, exon 11 of Brca1 gene, Cox1, intraspecific variability and differentiation |
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