Three variants of antisense technologies are presently known: antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, and ribozymes. In spite of the difference in the mechanisms of action, all of them are based on a common principle: an antisense preparation works after binding with an RNA target to form a duplex. All of the three variants are intensely used in experiments in vivo. The review considers the current situation in the field of using antisense technologies to treat various diseases.