Phylogeohraphy is a new field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distribution of genealogical lineages, mainly within and among closely related species. This brief review emphasizes the importance of the ecological approach to the understanding of molecular genetic data. Comparative phylogeohraphy is a promising line of investigation, which provides an opportunity to touch the ground of microevolutionary processes by comparing phylogeohraphical patterns and ecological traits of representatives of individual ecosystems, regional faunas, systematically close species, host-parasite complexes, etc.