Full-length BrCSDP2 and BrCSDP4 cold-shock gene sequences of Brassica rapa have been obtained. The isolated genes were shown to belong to a group AtCSP2/AtCSP4 of Arabidopsis thaliana and TsCSDP2/TsCSDP4 of Thellungiella salsuginea genes that encode proteins with a cold-shock domain and two zinc finger motifs. The structure and the allelic variants of these genes have been described and characterized. The identified allelic polymorphism was shown to result both from point substitutions and small indels. Coefficients of total genetic similarity ranged from 1.0 to 0.53. For BrCSDP2 and AtCSDP2, the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.89 and, for BrCSDP4 and AtCSDP4, it was 0.85. The in silico translation of gene sequences has revealed amino acid substitutions in the protein sequence, but no significant correlation between the detected polymorphism and signs of resistance to cold stress were found.